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This blog documents and explains World-System models from years 0-800 estimated from the Maddison Database (see the Boiler Plate here ). For the World System (you can run the code here ), the state variables explain over 99% of the variance in the underlying indicators. The first component state variable, WE1=(0.577 Q + 0.578 N - 0.577 T) , describes the Environmental Controller. The second component state variable, WE2= (0.528 Q + 0.274 N + 0.804 T) , describes overall growth. The third component state variable, WRE3 = (0.622 Q -0.769N) , describes the Malthusian Controller. Unlike models future Centuries, World-System countries in the Roman Empire period were predominantly controlled by Environmental forces. Growth is not the dominant component . Beyond that, societal development is controlled by Malthusian forces , The result would seem to be consistent with an environmental version of Unified Growth Theory . My working hypothesis is that when growth becomes the dominant compo...